Monday, October 22, 2007 : 9:55 a.m.

Community Burdens of Methamphetamine and Other Illicit Drugs

Aurea C. Chiaia1, Caleb Banta-Green2, Laura Power1, Daniel L. Sudakin, Ph.D., M.D.1 and Jennifer A. Field, Ph.D.1, (1)Oregon State University, (2)University of Washington

The manufacture and use of illicit drugs including methamphetamine is a widespread public health problem, particularly in western states. Several challenges currently exist in drug-use epidemiology, including time lags in reporting, poor spatial resolution, reliance on biased data including self-reporting, and an over reliance on morbidity and mortality data. To overcome these limitations, we have initiated an interdisciplinary study that links analytical chemists with epidemiologists and medical researchers in order to estimate the community burden of illicit drugs on a local to regional scale. Illicit drugs of interest include ‘rave’ drugs, methamphetamine, and cocaine. To put illicit drug measurements into context, we have included key metabolites and precursors of illicit drugs and population indicators including human urinary biomarkers. To estimate community burdens, samples of raw influent (24 hr, flow-normalized composites) were collected from municipal wastewater treatment plants and analyzed by large-volume (direct) injection, liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rave drugs including MDMA, MDEA, and GHB along with methamphetamine and its degradation products and precursors, cocaine and its metabolite benzoylecgnine are reported. Opiates, such as codeine, oxycodone, methadone, which can be used both licityly and illicitly, nicotine (cotinine), and human biomarkers are also analyzed.  Data from these populations biomarkers will be discussed as a way to normalize illicit drug data when estimating per capita community burdens of illicit drugs.

Aurea C. Chiaia, Oregon State University Aurea C. Chiaia has a Bachelor degree in chemistry from Oregon State University and is currently a Masters candidate in analytical chemistry. Her current research is aimed at developing quantitative analytical methods for illicit drugs and biomarkers in wastewater. She also has expertise in the analysis of fluorochemicals in wastewater and she has worked in bioremediation at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Ms. Chiaia has extensive international experience with positions with the Cooperative for Social Action and Sustainable Development and with the Atlantic Conservation Area project in Gandoca-Manzanillo, Costa Rica. In summer 2006, she was a NIEHS Short-Term Minority Training Grant Fellow.

Caleb Banta-Green, University of Washington Caleb Banta-Green is a Research Scientist at the Alcohol and Drug Abuse Institute. He has a B.A. in Biology from the University of California in Santa Cruz and a Master's degrees in Social Work and Public Health from the University of Washington. His research interests include: epidemiological measures of illicit drug use in rural and urban settings; utilization and effectiveness of drug treatment services; and health services research examining the prevalence and correlates of prescription opiate misuse. * Emerging drugs of abuse * Drug use and associated risk behaviors including sexual risk taking and communicable diseases * Youth substance abuse

Laura Power, Oregon State University Laura Power is a research assistant in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon. She received a BS in environmental science and chemistry minor from Virginia Tech (1999), and an MS in soil chemistry from University of Delaware (2003). While earning her BS, she worked for the US EPA Region 3 laboratory validating a method for accelerated solvent extraction. She has also worked for Abt Associates Inc. in Bethesda, Maryland (1999-2001) and Parametrix, Inc. in Albany, Oregon (2004-2005). Her current research utilizes Geographical Information Systems to understand the regional health impact of pesticide exposures.

Daniel L. Sudakin, Ph.D., M.D., Oregon State University Dan Sudakin is an Associate Professor in the Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology at Oregon State University. He received his MD in 1994 from Wayne State, MI and his Masters in Public Health in Biostatistics/Epidemiology from Oregon Health Sciences University in 1999. Dr. Sudakin’s research and outreach activities include support for the National Pesticide Medical Monitoring Program and the National Pesticide Information Center, which are cooperative agreements between Oregon State University and the U.S. He has expertise in the clinical toxicology of pesticides and specifically in the human health implications of environmental exposure to mycotoxins.

Jennifer A. Field, Ph.D., Oregon State University Jennifer A. Field is a professor in the Department of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry at Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon (1992-present). She received a BS in earth science from Northland College (1985) and a PhD in geochemistry from Colorado School of Mines (1990). She was a post-doctoral fellow at the Swiss Federal Institute of Environmental Science and Technology (1990-1992) before taking the position at Oregon State University. Her current research focus is on the development and application of trace analytical methods for organic contaminants and carbon-based nanomaterials and the study of their behavior in natural and engineered systems.


6th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Enocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water