, Murugesu Sivapalan, Paulius Elvikis, Benjamin Finnegan and Benjamin Barnes, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Rural areas of Sub-Saharan Africa face the most acute water supply challenges in the world. Nigeria has considerable populations without basic access to safe drinking water, with over 50% of the country lacking coverage. The village of Adu Achi, Oji River Local Government Area, Enugu State currently seeks to develop a gravity-fed, distribution system employing groundwater from the Ajali sandstone aquifer. The village and surrounding areas consist of approximately 10,000 people currently relying upon contaminated surface water 3km from households, on average. Three nongovernmental organizations, Engineers Without Borders at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Canadian Samaritans for Africa, and Grassroot Action for Health, Social, & Rural Development have partnered with a representative body within the community to facilitate the implementation of a borehole well that will distribute water to the main centers of population. The lengthy dry season from November to March, the inconsistent quality of nearby surface water, and the traditional worship of the local water bodies have led groundwater to be selected as the source of supply. The main barriers to developing sustainable water provisions for the region are the lack of electricity, the depth of the aquifer (estimated at over 500 feet), informal government structures within the community, and economic support. Initial project implementation phases are scheduled to begin in 2007.