Glenn F. Huff, Ph.D. and Keith J. Halford, Ph.D., U.S. Geological Survey
The sustainability of inland brackish ground-water development will affect the long-term impact of desalination on potable-water supply. The hydrological concept of safe yield provides a framework with which to approach assessing the sustainability of ground-water withdrawal. Safe yield can be defined as ‘the volume of ground water that can be withdrawn from an aquifer without producing an undesired result.’
Brackish ground-water withdrawal allowed under three selected safe-yield criteria was simulated in a selected area of a ground-water-flow model of the Tularosa Basin in New Mexico. The selected model area represents a part of the basin-fill aquifer that contains brackish ground water and adjoins an area of fresh ground water. Selected safe-yield criteria included: (1) the Nevada Doctrine that states withdrawal rates cannot exceed evapotranspiration rates, (2) New Mexico regulations that state withdrawal cannot produce more than 30 meters of drawdown within a 40-year period, and (3) avoidance of an undesirable result represented by greater than 5 meters of drawdown within a 40-year period in a part of the basin-fill aquifer containing fresh ground water adjacent to the selected model area.
The annual brackish ground-water withdrawal rate allowed under criterion 1 was 2.8X106 cubic meters per year and that allowed under criterion 2 was 3.8X107 cubic meters per year. Total brackish ground-water withdrawal allowed over a 40-year period was 1.1X108 cubic meters under criterion 1 and 1.5X109 cubic meters under criterion 2. Total brackish ground-water withdrawal allowed under criterion 3 was 1.4X109 cubic meters. Withdrawal allowed under criterion 3 was approximately 7 percent less than that allowed under criterion 2 because simulated drawdown exceeded 5 meters in fresh ground water adjacent to the selected model area after 38 years. Total withdrawals allowed under criterion 3 could be substantially less if undesirable results were more stringently defined.
The 2007 Ground Water Summit