Meeting the nation’s water needs presents new challenges and highlights the importance of educating the public about groundwater resources. Actions to increase the overall water supply will require more understanding and protection of groundwater, especially from contamination and overuse. Monitoring and evaluation must be conducted long-term at appropriate scales so that future groundwater issues are not overlooked or misunderstood. Proper stewardship of the nation’s groundwater is important to avoid quality degradation and land subsidence, and will rely on monitoring information. This session will showcase recent developments in all phases of groundwater monitoring, including water resources assessment and management and contamination characterization and remediation. The session will include presentations on:  • Monitoring at multiple scales • Data collection methods • Equipment and technologies for monitoring • USGS NAWQA  • Use of modeling and statistics for monitoring design and assessment  • The role of monitoring in protecting and managing groundwater resources  • Local water agency case studies.