As the world’s population is expected to reach nine billion people by the year 2050, pressure continues to mount on farmers and ranchers to meet the ever-increasing need to produce more food, fuel, feed and fiber. To produce more, farmers and ranchers will need to use more inputs, including water through irrigation, and will need to use these inputs as efficient as possible to meet the global demand. Focusing on the United States, this panel will discuss current agricultural policy and where the fine line of agricultural policy and groundwater sustainability intersect. The panel will also address the questions, what have we learned from the Ogallala and what does the future hold for groundwater use in agricultural policy? Finally, the panelists will discuss potential solutions and recommendations to policymakers and regulators to sustain our nation’s groundwater resources, while promoting productivity among farmers and ranchers.