Contributions to Hydrogeologic Research through Cave Diving Exploration in Karst Aquifers

Contributions to Hydrogeologic Research through Cave Diving Exploration in Karst Aquifers

Jeff Petersen, Karst Underwater Research, Tampa Florida.
Physical evaluation and data collection through direct human exploration of karst aquifers by cave divers provides the scientific community unique opportunities in collaborative hydrogeologic research. Broadly these opportunities can be classified into two categories: subsurface karst characterization and in-situ sample collection. Specific data types that cave divers can collect include qualitative documentation with underwater photography and video production, submerged cave-conduit system characterization through surveying and mapping, basic structural and stratigraphic analysis and identification of geologically significant features and unique water sources. Direct observations of subsurface water mixing can be documented, and in-situ water sampling and collection of rock or sediment samples are possible from locations that would otherwise be unreachable. A range of dive exploration parameters such as descent time, penetration distances and depths, which are incorporated into a dive event profile, can also be used for scientific interpretation.  Recent and past cave diving exploration activities in the Upper Floridan aquifer of west-central Florida serve as case study examples of these collaborative opportunities between groups working to understand the complexities of karst formation and controls on ground water flow.