Monday, February 23, 2009: 4:35 p.m.
When historic Kissengen Spring ceased continuous flow in February 1950, it was reportedly (Peek, 1951) the first largest spring in Florida to cease flow as the result of man's activities. Peek clearly documented the capture of springflow by overpumpage of the underlying aquifer system as the primary reason for the cessation of flow. It is commonly thought by many that prospects for restoration of flow at Kissengen Spring are virtually non-existent. However, groundwater pumpage in the vicinity of the spring has been greatly reduced in recent years as mining activities concluded in the area. Recent water level data from new monitor wells adjacent to the spring suggests that artesian water could have risen into the spring basin if only the spring vent had not been plugged (since 1962). Flow was observed in January 2006 from Otter Sink, a sinkhole that recently opened up adjacent to the historic spring pool area. A window of opportunity currently exists for restoring at least part-time flow, but this may not last if significant new withdrawals of groundwater near the spring site are permitted. With improved characterization of the local hydrogeology and flow system, innovative management of the springshed, and implementation of a gradual long-term recovery strategy, reasonable prospects exist for restoration of spring flow in an economically viable manner. This could benefit both the public and the ecological health of the natural system in the area. In a fundamental sense, the fate of Kissengen Spring is iconic of how we choose to manage and protect our springs, and serves as an environmental indicator of the overall health of our water-dependent natural systems. Restoration of Kissengen Spring could provide both hope and a model to follow for the restoration and protection of our precious springs, and the management of water resources in a sustainable manner.