Monday, November 5, 2007 : 1:30 p.m.

Visualization of Residual NAPL Subject to Freeze-thaw

Robert K. Niven, Ph.D. and Kamaljit Singh, The University of New South Wales at Australian Defense Fource Academy

Experiments were conducted in a two-dimensional cell, to examine the behaviour of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) at residual saturation subject to freeze-thaw cycles. The porous medium consisted of a water-saturated monolayer of glass beads (0.5 mm diameter), held between two glass sheets by stainless steel spacers. Dodecane was used as the LNAPL, established at residual saturations of 21-26% to represent “smear zone” contamination. Photographs were taken at different locations after each freeze-thaw cycle, and in some experiments, during the freezing process. The experiments revealed significant vertical and horizontal migration and redistribution of LNAPL due to freeze-thaw. This occurred primarily due to the detachment of LNAPL from larger ganglia during freezing, and its transport above the freezing front; this led to significant shedding of very small ganglia (a smearing process) along the transport corridors, and their entrapment in the ice. Some ganglion rupture also took place in some pores, due to the growth of ice within those pores. On thawing, such very small ganglia coalesced into larger singlet and sub-singlet ganglia. After ten cycles, the result was significant upwards transport of LNAPL from the saturated zone, and significant ganglia fragmentation. The experiments have significant implications for the management and remediation of LNAPL in cold regions.

Robert K. Niven, Ph.D., The University of New South Wales at Australian Defense Fource Academy Robert K. Niven holds a tenured academic position at the University of New South Wales, at the Australian Defence Force Academy campus in Canberra, Australia. His research interests include non-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL) contaminants in porous media, contaminant remediation, multiphase flow phenomena and radioactive contaminants, and has also made contributions to the understanding of maximum entropy theory, thermodynamics, statistical mechanics and fluid mechanics. He has been recipient of Winston Churchill (1998), Fulbright (2003), Japan Society for Promotion of Science (2006) and European Union Marie Curie (2007)Fellowships.

Kamaljit Singh, The University of New South Wales at Australian Defense Fource Academy Kamaljit Singh is a PhD student at the The University of New South Wales at ADFA, Canberra, Australia.


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