D.M. Quanrud, J. Zhang, M. Thomanek, H. Dong, R.G. Arnold, W.P. Ela and Eduardo Sáez, University of Arizona
The Sweetwater Recharge Facilities is comprised of a series of eight basins used to recharge secondary effluent for seasonal storage and recovery for nonpotable reuse (e.g. landscape irrigation). About 90% of aqueous-phase estrogenic activity (EA) in secondary effluent is removed during infiltration and percolation through the ~37 m unsaturated zone overlying the local unconfined aquifer. To investigate the role of sediment on EA removal, soil material was collected from the top meter of sediments in two infiltration basins and analyzed for extractable total estrogenic activity, nonylphenol (NP), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). The two basins differed significantly in time of operation (7 versus 15 years). Nevertheless, profiles of soil-bound total estrogenic activity, NP, and PBDEs were essentially identical in the two basin soils. Profiles of total estrogenic activity decreased from about 0.4 ug/Kg (equivalent mass of 17α-ethinyl estradiol per gram of dry sediment) at the basin surface to < 0.05 ug/Kg at the 25-cm depth and below. The highest nonylphenol (NP) concentrations approached 10 mg/Kg, in the top 5 cm of each basin. Values decreased rapidly to <2 mg/Kg at the 20-cm depth and were essentially uniform throughout the remainder of the 1-m profile. Total PBDE concentrations were 300-400 ug/kg at the surface and decreased rapidly with depth. In both basins, BDE-47, -99 and -209 accounted for 85% of total PBDE mass in the top 10 cm of sediment. PBDEs and estrogenic activity were detected in liquid-phase samples from ground water at ~37 m below land surface, although at greatly reduced concentrations.
Manuscript 6th International Conference on Pharmaceuticals and Enocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Water