A Numeric Groundwater Model of the Central Raton Basin for Assessment of Stream Depletion From Coal Bed Methane Produced Water Extraction

Monday, April 12, 2010: 1:50 p.m.
Continental B (Westin Tabor Center, Denver)
Adam Bedard, PE , Norwest Corp., Denver, CO
Michael LeFrancois , Norwest Corp., Denver, CO
Seth Okeson , Norwest Corp., Denver, CO
Jerry Jacob, Ph.D , Pioneer Natural Resources USA Inc., Denver, CO
A recent court ruling in Colorado held that produced water associated with coalbed methane (CBM) gas production is a beneficial use of groundwater, which triggers certain regulatory requirements.  Such water is presumed by law to be tributary, the pumping of which may have injurious impacts on vested tributary water rights in over-appropriated stream systems within Colorado.  Norwest Corporation (Norwest) developed a MODFLOW model of the Central Raton Basin (CRB) to determine the area of nontributary groundwater in the Raton and Vermejo Formations in the CRB. 

Development of CBM in the CRB is dispersed over 350,000 acres.  In 2008, there were over 2,900 active CBM wells.  The average water production per CBM well was less than 3.3 gpm, and cumulative annual production was about 15,200 acre-ft.  The annual water production from CBM is less than 0.05% of the estimated water-in-place, which is upwards of 36 million acre-feet (12 trillion gallons).

Due to very low vertical hydraulic conductivity of the Raton and Vermejo Formations and the depth of the target coals, the interaction between CBM pumping and surface water is minimal.  The target coals thin, discrete lenses and comprise less than 6% of the overall.  The majority of the target formations are comprised of low permeability shales and siltstones, which govern the vertical connectivity of the CRB.  The baseflow from the groundwater system to the Purgatoire River is relatively small at 2.5 cfs, with the large majority of baseflow derived from the shallow groundwater system.

The numeric model incorporated recharge, formation hydraulic conductivity, the vertical igneous intrusive dikes, evapotranspiration, and discharge to rivers.  The model was calibrated to potentiometric heads and groundwater flux. The area of nontributary groundwater was determined by multiple model simulations, with each simulation stressing the calibrated model for 100 years to determine surface water depletions.